Matera, a city in the southern region of Basilicata, Italy, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, with settlements dating back more than 7,000 years. Its ancient town, the Sassi di Matera, is a stunning complex of cave dwellings carved into the limestone hills. The Sassi were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1993, in recognition of the harmonious blend of architecture, human settlement, and the natural landscape.
The history of Matera is as layered as its rocky landscapes. Originally settled in the Paleolithic era, the city has been home to numerous civilizations, each leaving its mark. The Sassi, which literally means “stones,” were first occupied by Benedictine and Basilian monks in medieval times, transforming into a thriving urban center with houses, churches, palaces, and monasteries all carved from the living rock.
However, by the 20th century, Matera’s Sassi had become a symbol of poverty and despair, known for their unsanitary conditions, malaria, and extreme poverty. This prompted the Italian government to forcibly relocate the residents to new housing in the 1950s. The Sassi lay abandoned until the 1980s when people started to recognize the cultural and historical significance of these ancient dwellings. Renewed interest led to restoration efforts and a renaissance of Matera, turning it into a prime example of urban regeneration.
Today, Matera is a captivating blend of old and new. The ancient caves that once housed some of Italy’s poorest communities have been transformed into chic restaurants, boutique hotels, and cultural venues while retaining their historic charm. Walking through the Sassi is like stepping back in time, with narrow lanes winding through limestone buildings and staircases leading to panoramic views of the city and the rugged terrain beyond.
One of the most remarkable aspects of Matera is its ability to sustain life for millennia. The ancient inhabitants developed sophisticated systems for collecting rainwater, using cisterns and channels carved directly into the rock. These ingenious methods of water management are a testament to human ingenuity and adaptation.
Matera’s cultural scene is as dynamic as its history. It was designated as the European Capital of Culture for 2019, which sparked a flurry of artistic and cultural events, further propelling the city into the international spotlight. From open-air theaters and museums to contemporary art galleries, Matera offers a rich tapestry of cultural experiences. The city’s unique landscape and architecture have also made it a favored location for filmmakers, serving as the backdrop for several famous films, including Mel Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ.”
The food in Matera is another highlight, with local cuisine reflecting the city’s agrarian roots and the adaptability of its inhabitants. Dishes are typically made with simple, fresh ingredients and often include bread, homemade pasta, and locally produced cheese and wine. The flavors are a testament to the resourcefulness of the people and the bounty of the surrounding landscape.
For those looking to explore beyond the city, the surrounding region of Basilicata offers much to discover, from the rugged beaches of the Ionian coast to the green hills and historical towns dotted around the countryside. The nearby Park of the Rupestrian Churches includes hundreds of rock churches with Byzantine frescoes, in a natural setting of stark beauty.
Matera, with its haunting beauty and millennia of history, invites visitors to contemplate the endurance and innovation of human civilization. It stands as a monument to human resilience and creativity, offering a unique window into the past while continuing to evolve and inspire. Whether you’re exploring the ancient cave dwellings, enjoying the local cuisine, or simply soaking in the panoramic views, Matera is a destination that transcends time, offering a truly unforgettable experience.
For those who wish to blend the historical with the contemporary, especially in terms of modern amenities and entertainment, exploring options like an online casino might provide an engaging contrast to the ancient city’s rugged charm, offering a touch of modernity to the travel experience.
